Pile



oct 17,1933. E. BURKHARDT 1,931,249

PILE

v`l=`iled`April 23, 1929 a .F1921 a" Attorneys Patented Oct. 17, 1933 ,NvUNITED ASTATEIS'- 1,931,249 lf i Emilurklhardt, Stuttgart, Germany',aallgnorto ,the ilrm: Vereinigte Stahlwerke Aktiengesell-'schaft'.DuueidorhGermany .if A, y i Appunti@ Api-u z3, 192s,y serialNass-1,596, and in-(rermanyMay8,1928` `l (el: ni-53) The presentinvention relates to a method and apparatus for ground drilling and moreparticularly to a driving pile and method of driving the same wherebythe exact nature and occurrence of the ground strata may be accuratelydetermined. Previously known driving piles and methods for driving `thesame -employ openshaftsand are limited in that thedriving is renderedexpensive. troublesome and `time consuming and can only be accomplishedat relatively shallow depths,v especially when subterranean waters 'areencountered. Also if-.special rotary boring'machinery isV used to effectthe drilling, it` will be found that the `continuityI and structure ofthe stratification will be disarranged asia resulty of this manner `oiexcavation and this ismore particularly true if the drilling isubeingeifected in the presence ofunderground waters.

` The principal object ofthe present invention is thev previsione! adriving pile and a method of driving the same whereby the driving may beeffected rapidly and advantageously at the same time rendering itpossible for the operator to readily examine undisturbed cross-sectionsof the' ground strata so that the geological composition, supporting andchemical properties of the ground, nature of subterranean waters andtheA chemical admixturesthereof, may be easily and accuratelydetermined.` f f i Other objects ofthe invention will be apparent toskilled workers in the driving pile art as' the description of myimproved method and `ap-l paratus proceeds hereinafter.

hollow pipe and concentric examining` tube abutting on a `driving pointwith a central bore coaxial'with said examining tube. ,The examiningtube is provided with means to effect closfrom the hollow pile and isadapted to be parted longitudinally after removal to allow inspection"ywithout disturbance of its contents. This appa-y ratus is driven intothe ground in a suitable manner, the closure means for the bottom of theexamining tube operated, the examining tube is withdrawn, openedlongitudinally and inspected.

The accompanying drawing illustrates several embodiments of theapparatus of the invention and similar elements are designated by likereference characters thereon.

Figure l shows alongitudinal verticalcross@v section of the 'apparatusillustrating the various 'strata of the ground.

Figure 2 shows a longitudinal vertical cross-- ing tubefc is heldinspaced relation to said hol- 70 f and its' lower end enters a recessedportion p of `intericfrly mounted at the lower; endsof ythe Vtube c.Rods e are attached to said ilap valves d, extendedbetween'examiningtube c and hol- 80 to close 'ilapfvalves d, see Figurel.

. connected andconnected in the space between` The apparatus of theinvention' comprises a` ing-of its lower end, may be readily removedcylinders h., preferably four` inquadrature,` are section of theapparatus with a modifiedv form of closure means for the examining`tube.

Figure 3 shows a-partial vertical-longitudinal cross-section of stillanother closure means for the lower end of theexamining tube.4

A hollow pile a` engages;attheffloweratend thereof,` a restrictedportiono ofy a-conical driving point b which is providedwwith" a central boreb". i A driving .anvil a'. capssaid hollow -pilea and is provided with acentral hole a" for g5 soundingpurposes. y

An examining tube cl is concentrically'positioned within said hollowpile a and ,comprises semicylindrical halves c and c". Saidexaminlowpile .abymeans of a plurality of brackets n the conical drill point b.so that the central bore b' 'thereof i and` theinterior of theVexamining tube c form a continuous conduit. f

Semi-circular. -tlap valves d are hingedly and semi-cylindrical halvesc' and c" of low pile a to the top-thereof` and are-adapted f The lowerend of examiningtube c maybe closed by hardening-the core of materialtherein. A'plurality ofy holesa are provided in said lower g5 end ofsaid tube c, see Figure 2, andare intertube c `and pile. a by feedingtubes ff andf, respectively. Approprlate'chemicals orrefrig'erating`substances may be introduced through 30 feeding tubes f and l' to hardenthev material and frictionally hold the same undisturbedwithin tube cduring withdrawal thereof. y v. The hardened portion of th core o!material .within tube c mayalso be held vmechanically as welly.as'frictionallyn seeFlgure 3; Azpluralityof fastened to the lowerexterior of examining tube c. A piston l is slidably placed in each ofcylin- 100 ders h and `is guided by a` pin kvwhich passes through thewall of tube-'c and which is adapted to enter the interiorthereof.A-.spring m acting between the yhead `of cylinder hand piston l v holdsthe pin'kl inV retracted position; A lpipe i 105 n is connectedfto thehead of each,k cylinder -hrand is adapted to allow the creation of ahydraulic vor` pneumatic pressure onzpiston l Vfor f -pin' k` intothehardened portion ofthe core as shown in dotted lines in Figure 3.; I

The driving operation according to the present invention is effected Aasfollows: The hollow pile a, said driving point b and examining tube areassembled and capped by the driving anvil a'. The whole assembly 'isdriven; by a ram or pile driver (not shown) striking the driving anvila', through the various strata of the ground shown in Figures 1 and 2.During the driving of said assembly the various strata of the. subsoilenter into the conduit formed by the bore b' and examining tube c; v, uTo determine the nature of the ground through which the driving is beingeffected the-lower end of tube c is -closed by .closing flap valves d,by hardening or freezing the core of -material or y by hardening andtraction ofrpins k.-. Where.-

V examining tube c amy.

' Itis'withinjthe contemplation ofthe inven-l 'tion"that 'the ground maybe of such a nature that the determination of the nature of the groundand driving may be carried out with thev Having riow particulars'described my fi'r'ivention 'what'I desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States and whatI claim i s:

1. A pile for direct'driving' into' the subsoil 5 andfor determining.the nature thereof, including the combination witha hollow bored'driving point anda anvilof a pair of concen-j disposed tubes the outerone of which is .normally rigid-with seid driving point butioosely :withsaid driving anvil, the inner tube of said pair being separatelyjarranged. witha.

spaceabout the same within .the outer tube and forming interiorlyk auniform continuationv of the bore df said driving point and'beinglo'ngitudinally divided in, order to provide forinsnec tion inundisturbed condition of a core of suba soil` within saidxinner tubeupon withdrawal the outer tube'and removalof one -isecticnof said innertube and near' the l lower extremity. of said inner, tube for securelyclosing the same and thereby retaining said core y of subsoil intactwithin the-same, an operating device thereforeactuated from ythe upperportion off-the pile preparatory to the vwithdrawal of said inner tube;said retaining means"v comprising feeding pipes' to introduce fa'hardening sub"- stance to harden aportion offthe subsoii,.said

pines being arranged in the intermediate rsoiree tubesandleading tnafpiurality of ,A holes near the lowerv extremity of... said 4inner '1"3. A piletfordirect driving into thesubsoil and for determining thenature thereogiuluding L the combination with a hollow bored drivingpoint and a` driving anvil; 'of a pair offconcenr:

trically disposed tubes, the outer one of which is 'normallylrlgid withsaid driving point but l00se. ly connected with said'driving anvil, theinner` 'tube of said pair being separately arranged with a spaceaboutthe same within". theouter tube and kforming .interiorly auniform.continuation of the bore -of said driving point and b eing longijtudinally divided in order to provide for inspec- "tion in undisturbedconditionof afcore of subsaid inner tube ponwitbdrawal substance toharden a portion of the subsoil,

said pipes being arranged in the intermediate space between the tubesand leading to a plurality of holesl nea'ry the lower extremity of saidinner tube and'v fluid operated means engaging -the hardened portion ofthe subsoil core.

3. A pile for direct drivingf into the subsoil and for determining thnature thereof, includling the combinationwith a` hollow bored ,driveing `point and a driving anvil; of a pair of concentrically disposedtubes, the outer one of whichv is normally rigid with said driving pointbut loosely connected with said driving anvil, the inner tube of saidpair being separately arranged with a space about thesame within the,outer t'ube and forming lnteriorly a uniform continuation ofthe bore ofsaid driving point and be- ,ing longitudinally divided in order to.provide for inspection lin undisturbed condition of a core of subsoilwithin said innertube upon withdrawal thereof from the outer tube andremoval of one section of said inner tubeand means near the lowerextremity of said inner tube for securely closing the same A vandthereby lretaining said core of subsoil intact within the'- same, anoperating device thereforeactuated from the upper portion of the pilepreparatory tothe withdrawal of said-inner tube; said retaining .meanscomprising feeding pipes to introduce a hardening .substance to harden aportion of the, subsoil,

said pipes being arranged-'in the intermediate space between the tubesand leading to a plurality of holes near-the lower extremityrof saidinner tube, arpluralityy of uid operated vpistons and pinsnormallyvretracted and adapted to be impressedinto the interior ofl saidinner, tube and the hardened subsoil therein. l

1 4. A pile for direct driving into the subsoil and for determining thenature thereof, including the combination', with a hollow bored drivingpoint and a. driving anvil, of a pair of concentrically disposed tubesof which the outer tube is rigid with said driving point butlooselyconnected with said driving anvil, while the inner. tube of said pairisseparately arranged in the louter tube vand'both split throughout, its

length and provided at its lower end with aclosing device which may beactuated from above fork securely closing' thelower end of vthe innertube, in order that after the tubes have been driven into the subsoil,the outer tube may rest Y in the subsoil while the inner tube may bewithdrawnfrom itifor inspection .of the securelyenclosed and undisturbedvcore of subsoil in said inner tube.v

e 5.a piie for direct drivinginioihe subsoil and for determining thenature thereof, includ- 1mg the combination, with e. nonow bored drivingpoint and a driving anvil, of a pair of rconcen- .trieally disposedtubes, `of which thev outer tube from above. an actuating device beingadapted to be arranged in the intermediate space between the tubes forsecurely closing the lower end oi' the inner tube in order that afterthe tubes have been driven into the subsoil, the outer tube may rest inthe subsoil while the inner tube is withdrawn from it for inspection ofthe securely enclosed and undisturbed core of sub soil in said innertube.

6. A pile for direct driving into the subsoil and raising a sample corewith an undisturbed inner structure for determining the nature thereof,comprising a hollow pile, a driving anvil placed upon said pile. adriving point secured to said pile and provided with a bore, anexamining tube, which is separately' removably arranged with anintermediate space about said tube within said pile and which restsdirectly on said driving point within the same.' to form a practicallycontinuous and uniform conduit with the central bore thereof, saidexamining` tube consisting of two semi-cylindrical members. andretaining means associated with said examining tube to securely closeits lower end and thereby to retain a core of subsoil intact therein,said means being provided with an operating device arranged in theintermediate space be-v tween the tubes and actuated trom the upper.,

portion of said pile preparatory to the withdrawal ot the examiningtube.

7. A pile for direct driving into the subsoil and for determining the'nature thereof, moinding the combination with a hollow bored drivingpoint and driving anvil, of a pair of concen-v trically disposed tubes,oi' which the outer tube is normally rigid with said driving point butloosely connected with said driving anvil. the inner tube o! said pairbeing separately arranged with a space about the same within the outertube and-forming interiorly a practically uniform continuation of thebore of said driving point and being longitudinally divided in order toprovide Afor inspection in undisturbed contube preparatory to thewithdrawal of the same.

man summum 'ido

